TRAVEL IMPRESSIONS OF AN ART AND HISTORY LOVER
and my experiences as a teacher in China
UMGEBUNGSENTDECKER
Münster and Münster-County




In the north of Westphalia, the Münster-County lies between the Lippe, Teutoburg Forest, Lower Saxony's Emsland, the Netherlands and the Wesel district.
The area is big. When you cross it on the autobahn and it is announced by tourist signs, you always wonder how far from what feels like the Münsterland the announcements appear.
Country tour in an old cultural landscape
Seen from the Ruhr area, the Münsterland is practically on the doorstep. When driving from the Ruhr to the north on the A 43, A 1 or A 31, you soon leave behind the urbanized region and it is advisable to leave the motorway from then on and continue your country trip on country roads, because it will be tranquil and rural. A route recommendation through particularly beautiful partial landscapes is not necessary, because it looks good almost everywhere. If you head for a destination, for example a castle or a village, you will surely get there through picturesque landscapes. On the streets you will meet convertible and vintage car drivers and the Münsterland is ideally suited for such tours.
The streets are in good condition, the small towns are well-kept, everything is clean, lawns mowed, hedges cut - unusual sights when you come from the Ruhr area. There is little urban sprawl, instead old parkways, Münsterland manors, horse pastures and wayside crosses at farm entrances.
When you go to Munster,
it is best to approach from the north
Münster lies in the middle of this landscape.
The ideal approach is from the north via the B 54, which you come on from the A1. The main road leads straight to the city and the nice thing about this approach is that you drive through fields all the time and the silhouette of the city with its church towers is right in front of you. The buildings begins only after the City of Münster-sign. There is no agglomeration belt when you come from the north - in contrast to arriving from the south. After entering Münster you first drive through the city for a few kilometers until you reach the historic center. Meanwhile, even in the north shortly before the town sign, Burger King and gas stations as well as start-ups gradually blend into the impression, but there is still very little, so it can be easily ignored.
The weekly market in Münster

Am Samstag zeigt sich Münster von seiner lebendigsten Seite – dann ist Wochenmarkt.
Er beeindruckt nicht nur durch seine Größe, sondern auch durch seine klare Ausrichtung: Hier dreht sich alles ums Kulinarische. Frisches Obst und Gemüse, Käse, Brot, Feinkost – ergänzt durch einige Blumenstände.
Wohltuend ist dabei die Konzentration aufs Wesentliche: Mode, Taschen und sonstigen Kram, wie er auf vielen anderen Märkten die Ränder füllt, sucht man hier vergeblich.

Das Angebot und die Konkurrenz unter den Händlern sind groß, die Auswahl gut, alles sieht aus wie gemalt. Manche Händler haben bei Münsteranern Kult-Status, zumindest lassen die langen Schlangen vor den Ständen darauf schließen.



Früher oder später erliegt man den kulinarischen Verlockungen – und findet sich an einem der Stehtische wieder, um eine Kleinigkeit zu essen.
Von dort lässt sich das bunte Markttreiben wunderbar beobachten. Um Punkt zwölf läuten die Glocken des Doms, am Nachbartisch plaudern Universitätsangehörige mit internationalen Gästen und auf der Straße Michaelisplatz – die den Domplatz mit dem Prinzipalmarkt verbindet – herrscht reges Treiben: Menschen, Fahrräder, Einkaufsbeutel, Stimmengewirr.
Ab und zu schiebt sich ein Bus im Schritttempo durch das Gewusel.
Es ist eine intensive, aber angenehme Reizüberflutung – Samstag für Samstag.

Go into town on a Saturday; when the whole surrounding area comes to the beautiful market on the square in front of the cathedral to shop. You only get food and flowers there; Fortunately, you won't find any stalls selling bags or clothes there. The market is also available on Wednesdays, but the atmosphere on Saturdays with the generally noticeable anticipation of a weekend is probably nicer.
There are numerous fish, cheese, meat dealers, countless greengrocers, jam, honey, flower sellers, etc. The competition is fierce, so the selection is good, everything looks as if it was painted and many of the stalls are sure to have cult status among Münster residents, at least they form long lines in front of some stalls. You can eat something at a high table and watch the hustle and bustle, the bells of the cathedral ring at twelve, university teachers chat with international guests at the table next to you, the street 'Michaelisplatz', which goes directly from the Dom Square to the Prinzipalmarkt, is full of people, cyclists, now and then a bus that doesn't even move at walking pace. It's a concentrated but pleasant sensory overload - every Saturday anew.
Westphalian Cuisine

Wenn man thematisch schon bei Lebensmitteln ist, lohnt ein Blick auf die westfälische Küche. (Keine Lust auf regionale Gerichte? Klick hier. Dann geht's gleich weiter in die Stadt.)
Eins vorweg - westfälische Küche ist nicht jedermanns Sache: bodenständig und kräftig mit Zutaten wie Speck, Schweineblut oder Innereien. Aber früher sind die Leute davon auch nicht gestorben und immerhin wurde von einem Tier alles verwendet, was eine gewisse Nachhaltigkeit mit sich brachte.

Die weit über die Grenzen hinaus bekanntesten Spezialitäten sind Pumpernickel und westfälischer Schinken. Der Pumpernickel hat es sogar bis in die USA geschafft.
Welche warmen Gerichte gibt es?
In Kochbüchern und auf manchen Speisekarten findet man unter anderem Westfälisches Blindhuhn, Pfefferpotthast, Töttchen, Dicke Bohnen mit Speck, Pickert, Panhas, Potthucke, Pillekuchen, Grünkohl.
Der Pfefferpotthast ist eigentlich eine Art Gulasch. Rindfleisch und Zwiebeln werden mit Nelken, Lorbeerblättern und Piment gekocht, danach erfolgt eine leicht säuerliche Abschmeckung mit Zitronensaft und Kapern. Gebunden wird es mit Semmelbröseln (vielleicht tut es auch Stärke, evtl. mit einem Schuss Sahne?). Nelken, Lorbeer und Piment geben dem Gericht eine leichte Note von Weihnachtsgewürzen.
Töttchen ist eine Art Ragout, das heutzutage aus Kalbfleisch hergestellt wird, also durchaus hochwertig, was es früher eher nicht war, da wurden sämtlich Innereien hineingeworfen und das Kalbfleisch kam vom Kalbskopf. Das Ganze wurde mit Zwiebeln und Zitronensaft zu einem säuerlichen Ragout gekocht. Im Münsterland gibt es das zum Frühschoppen bei Schützenfesten und es steht auf Speisekarten in Traditionslokalen.
Das Westfälische Blindhuhn ist ein Bohneneintopf mit Birnen, in den noch ein ordentliches Stück Speck geknallt wird.
Das Ganze wirkt wie eine Bohnensuppe, allerdings eine klare, nicht diese schlammartigen Gebilde wie Linsen- oder Erbseneintopf.
Der Pickert (ich kenne ihn nur als Kastenpickert) ist ein Hefeteig, in den geriebene Kartoffeln kommen, dann werden Rosinen untergerührt, alles kräftig mit Salz und Pfeffer würzen, das Ganze wird gebacken, bis es schön braun ist. Der abgekühlte Kuchen wird in dicke Scheiben geschnitten, die in der Pfanne mit Butter geröstet werden, darauf kommt Rübenkraut. Fertig.
Panhas erinnert ein bisschen an Blutwurst. Dafür wird Schweinefleisch (manchmal wird auch Rind zugesetzt) in Wurstbrühe gekocht, die von der Wurstherstellung übrig ist, gewürfelter Speck und gewürfelte Blutwurst kommen hinein, dazu Schweineblut, Pfeffer, Piment und Nelke und das Ganze wird mit Buchweizenmehl gebunden, bis es fest wird. Die Masse wird in eine Kastenform gedrückt, dann auskühlen lassen. Gegessen wird es als Aufschnitt oder in Scheiben geschnitten, gebraten und mit Sauerkraut und Kartoffeln, Apfel und angebratenen Zwiebeln serviert.
Pillekuchen wird aus gestifteten Kartoffeln hergestellt, die unter einen Pfannekuchenteig gerührt und anschließend langsam in der Pfanne gebraten werden. Nicht zu heiß, er braucht Zeit, bei zu starker Hitze wird er schwarz, bevor er gar ist. Oder man brät die rohen gestifteten Kartoffeln zuerst und gießt anschließen den Pfannekuchenteig darüber und brät dann von beiden Seiten, bis es knusprig ist. Dazu Endiviensalat.
Grünkohl, eigentlich bekannt für Niedersachsen, ist auch im Münsterland beliebt. Ein Blick auf die physische Landkarte zeigt, warum. Die Norddeutsche Tiefebene, in der der Grünkohl als regionale Spezialität zu finden ist (in Süddeutschland kennt man ihn kaum) setzt sich bis ins Münsterland fort und wird nur nordöstlich vom Teutoburger Wald und südlich vom Haarstrang begrenzt. Im Münsterland hat man so gut wie keine Erhebung mehr bis zur Nordsee und da Niedersachsen ohnehin gleich nebenan liegt, ist die Grünkohlgrenze eher in Nordrhein-Westfalen zu finden.
Die Aufzählung umfasst nur eine Auswahl und könnte noch beliebig fortgesetzt werden.

In Münster gibt es eine Reihe ziemlich guter, bodenständiger Restaurants wie z.B. Stuhlmacher, Kiepenkerl, Altes Gasthaus Leve, Töddenhoek, Drübbelken u.m.
Was trinkt man im Münsterland?
Traditionell wird Altbier getrunken, mittlerweile eher Pils, wichtige Spirituosen sind Steinhäger und Weizenkorn.


Übrigens gibt es in der Schänke, bzw. dem Restaurant der Altbierbrauerei Pinkus Müller in Münster die Speisekarte auch auf "Münsterländer Platt".

If you are already on the subject of food, you should take a look at the Westphalian cuisine right away. First of all: it is not for everyone. Down-to-earth, strong, bacon, pig's blood, offal. But in the past people didn't die from it either and everything of an animal was used, which keeps a certain sustainability.
Traditionally Altbeer is drunk in Münsterland, nowadays rather Pils, important spirits are Steinhäger and Weizenkorn.
Pumpernickel and Westphalian ham are also well known.
As warm dishes you eat Westphalian blind chicken, Pfefferpotthast, Töttchen, broad beans with bacon, Pickert, Panhas , Potthucke, pill cake,
As dessert: Westphalian cottage cheese dessert
The names already sound in such a way that one cannot imagine anything underneath.
But maybe you will encounter one to one or the other dish on the menu. By the way, in the Inn of the altbeer-brewery Pinkus Müller there is the menu also in Low German.
The Westphalian blind chicken is a bean stew with a decent piece of bacon and pears.
It's not what turns me on, it looks more like a bean soup, albeit a clear bean soup , not those muddy soups, like lentil soups or pea soups .
The Pfefferpotthast is actually a kind of goulash. Beef and onions are cooked with cloves and bay leaves (I know it mainly with allspice), then it gets a slightly sour taste by lemon juice and capers. It is tied with breadcrumbs, which of course doesn't make the sauce look so fine. Cloves, bay leaves and allspice give the dish a light note of Christmas spices.
Töttchen is a kind of ragout that is made from veal nowadays, so it is of high quality, which it wasn't in the past, because all the innards were thrown in and the veal came from the veal's head. The whole thing was cooked into a slightly sour ragout with onions and some lemon juice. In Münsterland this is available for morning pint at shooting festivals and it is on menus in traditional restaurants.
The Pickert (I only know it as a box picker is a yeast dough with grated potatoes, then raisins are stirred in, seasoned with salt and pepper, the whole thing is baked until it is nice and brown. The cooled cake is cut into thick slices, which are roasted in a pan with butter, then golden syrup is added. Done.
Panhas is a bit like black pudding. For this, pork meat (sometimes beef is also added) is cooked in sausage broth that is left over from the sausage production, diced bacon is added, diced black pudding, then pork blood is added, pepper, allspice and clove and the whole thing comes with it Buckwheat flour tied until it hardens, then it comes in a loaf pan, let cool down. It is eaten as cold cuts or sliced, fried and served with sauerkraut and potatoes, apples and onions.
Potthucke is more common in the Sauerland and Siegerland. In Münsterland you won't find it on the menu. Nevertheless, this is Westphalian cooking: It is a potato dough for which mashed and grated raw potatoes are mixed together. Mix in the eggs and cream, sausage and onions. Season well with salt, pepper and nutmeg. In a flat form, leave out the bacon, put the batter on top, in the oven - bake, done. Or you let it cool, cut it into pieces and fry them on both sides. With black bread and golden syrup - and since the dish comes from South Westphalia, there is a nice, cold pilsner with it.
Pill cake is made from pinched potatoes that are stirred into a pancake batter and then slowly fried in the pan. Not too hot, it takes time, if it is too hot it will turn black before it is done. Or you can fry the raw, pinched potatoes first and then pour the pancake batter over them and then fry on both sides until it is crispy. Eat with endive salad.
All of these dishes are home cooking that saturate should and was cooked in servants' kitchens for farmers and coachmen. One can hardly imagine that gentlemen would have eaten something like this on the farms. But these are the dishes that are considered as Westphalian cuisine which are to be found everywhere in traditional inns. in Münster you should try Pinkus Müller or Kiepenkerl.
The Prinzipalmarkt -
Münster's good address



Traditionsgasthaus Stuhlmacher

Vom Markt auf dem Domplatz gelangt man nach wenigen Metern zum Prinzipalmarkt. Dort findet man gediegene Geschäfte in den Laubengängen. Von Bekleidung fürs Landleben über Reitutensilien bis hin zu Geschäften für Tischkultur bekommt man dort alles, was man für ein gutsituiertes Selbstverständnis braucht.
Wenn man einen Meißener Tafelaufsatz sucht - hier gibt es ihn. Wozu braucht man so etwas? Nun ja, vielleicht hat man ja ein Wasserschloss? Da könnte man so etwas schon für den einen oder anderen Zweck verwenden.
Die Häuser am Prinzipalmarkt sind allesamt giebelständig, schmal und vertikal, haben im Erdgeschoss eine Arkade, darüber zwei Geschosse und schließen mit ein oder zwei Giebelstockwerken ab. Es sind Bürgerhäuser, die sich in ihrer architektonischen Erscheinung deutlich von Münsteraner Adelshöfen unterscheiden. Dazu später mehr.

Typische Bürgerhäuser am Prinzipalmarkt
A few meters further on, on the Prinzipalmarkt, you can find dignified shops in the arcades. From clothing for country life to shops for tableware, you can get everything there that you need for a well-off self-image.
If you are looking for a Meissen centerpiece - there it is. What do you need something like that for? Maybe for your castle?
Go from Prinzipalmarkt along Lamberti church, the street name changes to Drubbel, Roggenmarkt, Bogenstraße, Spiekerhof. There you can find shops selling antique furniture.
Münster - the city of the Peace of Westphalia

The Town Hall of the Peace of Westphalia can be seen on the right in the photo above, with the Stadtweinhaus on the left.
At the Prinzipalmarkt there is also the town hall with the tallest and most richly decorated gable. In the photo above it is the building on the right, to the left of it is the town wine house.
In this town hall is the Friedenssaal (Hall of Peace), which can be visited and in which the peace treaty was signed in 1648, which ended the Thirty Years' War - it is a place where world history was made.
When the 350th anniversary of this peace treaty was celebrated in 1998, heads of state from twenty European countries were in the city, including the queens of the Netherlands, Sweden and Denmark. The paper Welt am Sonntag wrote on October 25, 1998:
“Never before have so many heads of state been gathered in Germany as yesterday in Osnabrück and Münster for the commemoration of the 350th anniversary of the Peace of Westphalia. "" The Foreign Office in Bonn described the meeting as the "greatest protocol event in the history of the Federal Republic of Germany" ".
The paper Westfälische Nachrichten wrote: "The list of nations whose heads of state are gathered in the Friedenssaal is so long that it is best to present it in alphabetical order: Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Finland, France, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Austria, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, Spain, Czech Republic and Vatican."
The Thirty-Year War
The Thirty Years War was one of the most important wars for Central Europe. The peace treaty with which it ended is the hour of birth of the Netherlands and Switzerland. In addition, France then became a European hegemonic power, and Louis XIV, the Sun King, took place at the peace negotiations in Munster. Not him personally - he was still a child - but he was represented by Cardinal Mazarin. France benefited as the Holy Roman Empire and Spain were weakened. Would the shine of the Sun King have come about without the political rebalancing on the continent after the war?
In Germany, the peace treaty did not consolidate the idea of the Reich, but weakened it. The Habsburgs often and at this time provided the emperor of the empire and as the idea of a strong Empire was weakened they were the real losers of the war. The fragmentation of Germany into many territories that could not be united has become stronger. The idea of consolidating a German nation-state was difficult in the long run after the war.
But within Germany there were also countries that emerged after the war. Just consider how to Saxony, Brandenburg, Wuerttemberg developed culturally in the subsequent Baroque times.
In terms of foreign policy, the Holy Roman Empire of German Nation was severely weakened. This was an important goal of the major European powers, above all France, since a powerful neighbor in the east was not wanted. But also Sweden was interested in a weak Germany because it wanted to expand its power. It was therefore a defeat for Germany in terms of foreign policy.
France, Sweden, the Netherlands, Switzerland - actually all of them had benefited. Either they had become independent or they were given German territories - France got Alsace, Sweden got the western part of Pomerania - or they benefited from a destroyed and internally weakened Germany.
France in particular seized the opportunity, became a hegemonic power and tried to expand this position of power through several wars under Louis XIV over the next few decades. The Dutch then experienced the heyday of the Gouden Eeuw and dominated world trade after they had become independent from the Spanish Habsburgs.
In fact, there are few events that have shaken the European continent like this war.
After all, De Gaulle and Churchhill called the First and Second World Wars together the Thirty Years' War of the 20th century. Both world wars together lasted almost 30 years (1914-1945, counting the short time in between and nowadays historians agree that World War II would not have come about without WW I). This comparison of the two world wars (1914-1945) with the Thirty Years War (1618-1648) does justice to the importance of the conflict in the 17th century. Both wars were preceded by enormous social changes (before the Thirty Years' War the Reformation, before the world wars industrialization with its social consequences and nationalism), both wars devastated Central Europe, both wars led to a shift in hegemony, and many nations were involved in both wars .
Perhaps, in simplified terms, the Thirty Years' War can be traced back to a mixture of four major problems:
1. It was a religious war between Protestants and Catholics.
2. It was a war that was also fueled by the social imbalance between rich princes and clergy on the one hand and poor peasants on the other.
3. Domestically, was it a war for power between the emperor and the princes in the German Reich? This is perhaps comparable to today's question of who has more power in Germany - the federal government or the federal states? - or in Europe - Brussels or the states? At that time there was on the one hand the emperor, who was was from the House of Habsburg for centuries and therefore resided in Vienna, and on the other hand the principalities (e.g. Saxony, Brandenburg, Bohemia) which wanted to be independent of imperial power.
4. In terms of foreign policy, it was a European conflict, because Sweden had great power ambitions in the Baltic Sea region and France saw a problem in the fact that it was surrounded by the Habsburg dynasty, who stood for Germany in the northeast, Spain in the southwest and the Spanish Netherlands in the north - France was exactly in between.
Domestically, points 1, 2 and 3, the question of religion, the social question and the question of power were particularly hot in German countries. The emperor was almost traditionally a Habsburg and thus clearly Catholic, the princes were to a not inconsiderable number of Protestants. The question of power and religion were therefore intertwined in Germany. To this day it is noticeable in the eastern federal states as well as in the areas that no longer belong to what was called the German nation (Bohemia) that they are Protestants. The overwhelming majority of Brandenburg's population is Protestant, the same applies to Saxony, even if Dresden in its baroque splendor does not really look protestant. Bohemia also joins the Protestant regions.
The Thirty Years War did not come about overnight, but had a longer lead time. Luther posted his theses in Wittenberg in 1517 and the Schmalkaldic League was founded in 1531. From there it started actually already the conflict. (Do you want to know more about the Schmalkaldic League? Click here .)
Incidentally, the question of religion shattered the country for a very long time. Princes married confessionally, so there are close family ties between Hesse, Hanover, Coburg, Gotha, Brandenburg, England, the Netherlands, Sweden, Denmark etc. (More informations about these family connections? Klick for Braunschweig, Lüneburg, Hessen and Coburg). Even up to the 1960s in some areas of Germany, for example the denomination of a person had a subliminal influence on judicial questions , since the question 'Protestant or Catholic?' was associated with certain decent ways of life, honesty or righteousness, etc.
The topic only became out of date when it actually disappeared.
Basically, it was not the approach between the Protestant and the Catholic that led to pacification, but their disappearance. Nowadays these questions would not affect anyone at all, but nowadays the church no longer plays an important role for many people either. Today you can no longer imagine that this was an important matter.
The Lamberti tower watchmen
Die Wiedertäuferkäfige an St. Lamberti

Der Prinzipalmarkt, sonntags meist fast menschenleer. Im Hintergrund die Lambertikirche
In Münster there is still the office of the tower keeper, who blows every evening from the highest tower in the city, the Lambertikirche. He is supposed to watch over the city, warn of fire or enemies - and has done so since 1383. You can still hear him every half hour between 9 pm and midnight. It sounds like an old foghorn. In 1923 the location of the tower was abolished because the inflation at the time meant that savings measures were necessary. The protest of the people of Münster led to the office being reinstated a year later.
Aristocratic Town Residences
Am anderen Ende des Prinzipalmarkts ändert die Straße ihren Namen und heißt ab dort Rothenburg. Von ihr zweigt die Königsstraße ab, in der sich mehrere sogenannte "Höfe" befinden, ehemalige repräsentative Stadtresidenzen des Westfälischen Adels, der bis heute auf dem Land in seinen Wasserschlössern lebt, aber auch Stadtpalais besaß, in denen man die Wintermonaten verbrachte oder bei Stadtaufenthalten wohnte.

Fürstbischöfliches Schloss
Stadthof Hülshoff
Bischöfliches Palais
Kettelersche Kurie
Schlaun Stadthaus
Korff-Schmisingscher Hof
Nordkirchener Stadthof
Merveldter Hof
Erbdrostenhof
Landsbergsche Kurie
Druffelscher Hof und Hensenbau
Kettelerscher Hof
Heeremannscher Hof
Beverfoerder Hof
Droste-Sendenscher Hof
Oerscher Hof
Höfe, ehemalige Stadtresidenzen, des Münsterländer Adels
Vor dem Zweiten Weltkrieg gab es in Münster 40 solcher Höfe. Viele davon existieren heute nicht mehr. Die Bombardierungung Münsters im Zweiten Weltkrieg hat das Stadtbild nachhaltig verändert. Der Stadthof Hülshoff ist genauso verschwunden wie der Kettelersche Hof, das Schlaunsche Stadthaus oder der Merveldter Hof.
Die übrigen, wiederaufgebauten Höfe sind auch heute noch stadtbildprägend, wenn auch das Innere nicht wiederhergestellt wurde.
Der einzige Hof, der im Rahmen einer Führung besichtigt werden kann, ist der Erbdrostenhof.
Hier ein paar Eindrücke von besonders schön wiederaufgebauten Höfen.

The Münster nobility lived in moated castles in the countryside, which were usually up to a day's ride from Münster. For city stays or for the winter time, these aristocrats had representative city palaces, which in Münster are called "courtyards".
Their owners were, among other things, the so-called hereditary men, a social group that emerged from the 12th century as a retinue of the bishops and had made a name for itself as a first-class citizen in council and defense. From the 15th century they were considered nobles. These hereditary men were an exclusive circle who married only among themselves or in the pen nobility or in dynasty families, marriages with common citizens did not occur. No other family rose to the ranks of the hereditary family, there was only one new addition, the von Drolshagen family in the 14th century. The families often generated considerable wealth through commercial activities within the framework of the Hanseatic League or through high offices as canons, lay judges, droste, etc.
Their urban domiciles differed significantly from the homes of the citizens. The town houses are narrow and vertical like those on Prinzipalmarkt, they have an arcade on the ground floor, two storeys above and end with one or two richly decorated gable floors.

Typical town houses on the Prinzipalmarkt
In contrast, the aristocratic courts were lower, often two-story and more horizontally oriented. There was no consistent style of the courtyards over the centuries; In the Middle Ages, the courtyards still resembled small castles, such as the Bispinghof, which in addition to towers even had a moat. In the 17th century, a type of building developed that was a bit back from the street and had a one-sided wing; from the first half of the 18th century, baroque structures in the style of a Hôtel particulier were built, which formed a U-shaped three-wing complex that encloses a courtyard, the Cour d'honneur. The middle wing, the corps des logis, was used for representation, while the left and right wings, the private apartments, were the living areas of the lady and the gentleman.
The picture below shows a model of the Beverfoerder Hof on Königsstraße. It corresponds to the classic Hôtel particulier. The model is in the city museum.
From the second half of the 18th century, the courtyards again came close to the street, such as the Kettlersche Hof in Königsstraße (King's Street).
The oldest surviving aristocratic courts from the 17th and 18th centuries in the city are made of coarse, red brick, the windows and gate frames are made of sandstone. Gables are often decorated with pictures and the owner's coat of arms.
Admittedly there were urban aristocratic courts in many other German cities as well as in France and Italy, but nowhere else was there a density like that in Munster, where they stood court to court, especially on Königsstrasse.
see Müller, Eugen: Die Adelshöfe der Stadt Münster iW, Münster (Westf.), 1921, University and State Library Münster, urn: nbn: de: hbz: 6: 1-8009
(I would not share the assertion of the author Eugen Müller about the unique density of hotels in Munster, which he even puts in a European frame of reference. In Paris there are similarly dense accumulations of hôtels particuliers, especially in the districts of Marais and Faubourg Saint- Germain, e.g. on Rue de Grenelle and Rue de Varenne.)
During the Westphalian Peace Congress at the end of the Thirty Years' War, the aristocratic houses in Münster served as accommodation for the envoys who took part in the negotiations.
Many of the courtyards no longer exist today, especially the Second World War had a hard time affecting the historic cathedral, but some were rebuilt and are still shaping the cityscape today, even if the interior was not restored.
Some of these courtyards were located on Königsstraße, the street does not convey a closed historical picture like the Prinzipalmarkt, but you can still understand what effect the residences had in the past.
Druffelscher Hof

Druffelscher Hof, Picassoplatz 1
The best place to start is at Picassoplatz 1. There you can see the classical facade of the Druffelschen Hof, built by Clemens August von Vageres. Next door is the so-called Hensenbau with a neo-baroque entrance. The Hensenbau was not built until 1911. Its modernity can already be recognized by the name "Bau". It does not belong to the noble courts, but together with the Druffelschen Hof it now houses the Picasso Museum.
Hensenbau

Hensenbau
Kettelerscher Hof
Schräg gegenüber vom Hensenbau lag der Kettelersche Hof, Königstraße 51-53. Er wurde 1783-1789 im klassizistischen Stil von der Familie von Ketteler zu Harkotten erbaut, die den Vorgängerbau 1782 von begüterten Bürgerfamilien gekauft hatte.
Während der Verhandlungen zum Westfälischen Frieden residierte dort in den Jahren 1644 bis 1648 zuerst der Hauptgesandte des Kaisers, Maximilian Graf von Trautmannsdorff, und ab 1647 der spanische Gesandte Antoine Brun. Im Zweiten Weltkrieg wurde der Hof komplett zerstört. Heute steht dort ein modernes Büro- und Geschäftshaus, auf das man in Münster sehr stolz ist und es als Aushängeschild bezeichnet. Über dem Eingang erinnert nur noch der Schriftzug Kettelerscher Hof an den Vorgängerbau.
Die Familie von Ketteler ist ein altes westfälisches Adelsgeschlecht, das aus Hüsten, heute Arnsberg stammt. Die Familie gliederte sich in verschiedene Zweige und hatte hohe Ämter als Bischöfe oder Herzöge von Kurland und Semgallen im Baltikum.
Ihr Landsitz war das Schloss von Ketteler, ein Barockbau, der der Öffentlichkeit nicht zugänglich ist, da er für private Zwecke genutzt wird.
Heeremannscher Hof
A little further on, Königsstrasse 47, is the Heeremannsche Hof, a Renaissance building from 1564, today the Münster Administrative Court.

Heeremannscher Hof, Königstraße 47

A little further on, Königsstraße 47, is the Heeremannsche Hof, a Renaissance building from 1549. It is the oldest court in Münster, was built in the late Gothic period and later rebuilt in the Renaissance style. In the past, two courtyards belonging to Baron Heeremann-Zuydiwyk on Surenburg were located next to each other on Königsstrasse. The western part of the farm was built in 1549, the front in 1564. The house changed hands several times over the centuries until it came into the possession of the Dutch Heeremann-Zuydtwyk family on Surenburg, who had settled in Westphalia.
Today the Münster Administrative Court is located there.
The family lives at Surenburg Castle in Hörstel in the Tecklenburger Land. This moated castle is the most important secular building in the Tecklenburger Land and is particularly picturesque. It is not open to visitors so you can only see it from the outside.
Droste-Sendenscher Hof
Beverfoerder Hof
Gebaut wurde dieser Hof, eine idealtypische repräsentative, barocke Dreiflügelanlage, von 1699 bis 1702. Der Bauherr war Bernhard Engelbert Christian von Beverfoerde-Werries und der Architekt dieses wohl ehemals prächtigsten Hofes von Münster war der Baumeister Gottfried Laurenz Pictorius (1663 - 1729), genannt "der Jüngere", der auch Schloss Nordkirchen, das größte Wasserschloss des Münsterlandes, das Westfälische Versailles, baute. Auf Pictorius gehen ferner alle weiteren Höfe in Münster zurück, die nach dem Vorbild französischer Hôtels particuliers gebaut wurden: Der Merveldtsche Hof, der Korff-Schmisingsche Hof, die Landsbergsche Kurie, die Kettelersche Kurie und das Bischöfliche Palais.

Der mittlere Flügel, der Corps des logis, diente der Repräsentation, während der linke und der rechte Flügel, die Appartments privés, die Wohnbereiche jeweils der Dame und des Herrn waren.

Beverfoerder Hof, Königstraße 46
Von dem Beverfoerder Hof blieb nach Kriegszerstörung nur ein Seitenflügel im Original erhalten, den man auf den beiden Fotos sieht.








